►  China quickly embraced the notion of “BRICS Plus” as a convenient tool to advance an alternative worldview even as Beijing developed a “new form of imperialism” in Africa through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). ►  A larger and more diverse membership will easily hinder consensus when it matters. ►  It neither shares our sense of urgency in Ukraine nor prioritizes the revival ...

► Ever since BRICS’ actual ability to become a prominent actor as a counterweight to existing international organizations was questioned, whether the bloc should deepen its industrialization or proceed to expand its representativeness in the international system was raised. ► Two prominent issues were covered in the XV BRICS Summit: 1) the creation of a common currency to replace the U.S. dollar as the domin...

► Even before India took over the presidency of the Group of Twenty – the influential forum of major global economies, popularly called the G-20 – India did not shy away from acknowledging the stint as both a responsibility and an opportunity to focus on reforming global governance and creating equitable growth. ► Moreover, even as conflicting ideas and ideologies makes consensus-building difficult, the ro...

► What is worse, Russia’s war with Ukraine has increasingly isolated itself from the world, making it unlikely to become a rising economic star on the global stage. ► Indeed, the driving factor that unites BRICS countries is their common dissatisfaction with the existing international system, rather than a shared proposition about how to reform the system. ► These alternatives give China the...